يقول تشارلز هوسكينسون من كاردانو، إن مستقبل محافظ العملات المشفرة سيكون داخل أجهزة iPhone وAndroid

At Consensus 2026, Cardano's Charles Hoskinson said that “users should probably never have their private keys,” adding that “something should have the private keys for the users.” He argued that the secure chips already embedded in iPhones, Android phones, and Samsung devices outperform those in Ledger and Trezor devices, and that most crypto users already carry better signing hardware in their pockets without realizing it. Private key management has been a bottleneck to retail adoption since Bitcoin's earliest days. Users have trouble with their 12- or 24-word seed phrase, usually forgetting it, photographing it, storing it in cloud notes, or losing it entirely. Hardware wallets solved the extraction problem, since a Ledger or Trezor generates and stores keys that never leave the device in plaintext, while introducing a friction that mainstream users have consistently rejected. FIDO reported on May 7 that there are now 5 billion active passkeys globally , with 75% of consumers having enabled at least one. Users already accept device-bound, biometric-unlocked credentials as a normal part of authentication. Coinbase's smart wallet operationalizes this by letting users onboard without a recovery phrase, using Apple or Google passkeys, and by creating a non-exportable credential bound to secure hardware. Face ID or a PIN becomes the only interface the user needs. Hoskinson is correct that mainstream phones contain serious security hardware. Apple's Secure Enclave is a dedicated subsystem isolated from the main processor, and the firm says it protects sensitive data even if an attacker compromises the application-processor kernel. Android's Keystore system supports hardware-backed keys that can stay non-exportable and bind to a Trusted Execution Environment or secure element, with StrongBox implementations adding a dedicated CPU and further isolation requirements. Samsung's Knox system provides hardware-backed key protection through TrustZone, with DualDAR adding additi